In the lush landscapes of Costa Rica, where “pura vida” is more than just a greeting—it’s a lifestyle—the pillars of the economy are facing an unprecedented storm. The tourism and coffee sectors, integral to the nation’s identity and economic health, stand on shaky ground as they navigate a sea of economic challenges. With the tourism industry employing one in every twelve active workers and contributing 8% to the annual GDP, the stakes could not be higher.
The Dollar Dilemma: A Currency in Crisis
Between June 2022 and December 2023, Costa Rica witnessed a dramatic 24% fall in the exchange rate of the dollar against the Costa Rican colón. This significant shift, which saw the rate plunge from nearly 700 to 500 colones per dollar, mirrors levels not seen in a decade. While some sectors initially viewed this trend as a boon, it has since morphed into a bane, especially for the nation’s export-driven endeavors.
The Fraying Fabric of Tourism and Coffee
Tourism, a veritable lifeline for nearly 175,000 Costa Ricans, and the coffee industry, which sees over 85% of its produce exported, are reeling under the impact of this currency conundrum. The depreciating dollar has clipped the wings of these vital sectors, leaving businesses struggling to stay afloat in the face of diminished returns and escalating costs.
Brewing Despair Among Coffee Growers
The plight of Costa Rica’s coffee sector, with its tapestry of nearly 26,000 farms, is particularly poignant. Coffee growers, the backbone of this industry, have seen their earnings per bushel plummet by almost 20%, a bitter pill to swallow in the face of rising import costs for agricultural supplies. The government’s lukewarm response to these crises has only deepened the despair within the agricultural community.
The Tourism Tumult: High Season Highs to Low Season Lows
As the high season wanes with the passing of Easter week, the tourism industry braces for months of uncertainty. The colón’s appreciation has not only squeezed the profitability of local businesses but also tempted Costa Ricans to seek vacations abroad, exacerbating the industry’s woes. The once-bustling tourist spots now grapple with the reality of potential closures and downscaled operations.
An Economy at the Crossroads
Economist Gerardo Corrales highlights the influx of dollars from various sources as a double-edged sword, contributing to the current fiscal landscape without adequate countermeasures in place. The government, under President Rodrigo Chaves, touts the strong economy, yet the palpable unease among exporters and economists points to a need for swift, decisive action.
The Ground Reality: Tourism and Coffee at a Tipping Point
On the ground, individuals like Francisco Mirabelli, a tour guide and trade association chair from Monteverde, paint a grim picture of the situation. The cost of tourism staples, such as a local beer, has nearly doubled, affecting not just profitability but the quality of service and, by extension, Costa Rica’s global image.
As the nation renowned for producing “the best coffee in the world” and offering an unparalleled eco-tourism experience teeters on the brink, the call for solutions grows louder. The challenges of climate change, market instability, and the allure of real estate further complicate the picture for coffee growers, underscoring the critical moment both sectors—and the country—face.
